James Henry Pickering papers
Online Access
Available digital items: https://digital.archives.newschool.edu/index.php/Detail/collections/KA016801
Abstract
James Henry Pickering, Jr. (1904-1969) was an American illustrator and retail merchandiser who served as the president of Amos Parrish & Company, Inc. The collection primarily comprises examples of his illustration work, yet it also contains information about his personal life and career. Records in the collection from Pickering’s career at Amos Parrish & Co. include promotional brochures, speeches from fashion clinics, and merchandising workbooks.
Dates
- 1921-1963
Creator
- Pickering, James Henry (1904-1969) (Person)
Extent
5.1 Cubic Feet (8 boxes and two rolled items)
Language of Materials
English
German
Scope and Contents
James Henry Pickering, Jr. (1904-1969) was an American illustrator and retail merchandiser, born in Nebraska. He served as president, director, and later board chairman of Amos Parrish and Company, Inc. between 1959-1962, after working for the company since 1934.
Each series of the collection represents a distinct period in Pickering’s personal life and professional career. Series 1 encompasses the majority of the collection. It is representative of college-era student work, commissioned artwork, and illustrations created for personal use like Pickering family greeting cards. The series notably includes several scrapbooks that Pickering compiled, which contain examples of his work organized chronologically or by client. Researchers are advised that Series 1 contains racist depictions of African Americans, Native Americans, and Middle Eastern individuals, particularly represented in illustrations created during Pickering’s college years. These illustrations are found in the early scrapbooks. The New School Archives preserves such materials in the interest of understanding the historical context surrounding race relations of the United States between 1920s-1930s. The presence of harmful depictions of individuals and communities in our collections are in no way an endorsement of the racist and oppressive views they prescribe.
Series 2 contains a smaller selection of records that briefly document the dynamic of the Pickering family. Researchers will find biographical information and a photograph of Pickering, as well as a file about Pickering's trip to Germany in 1934 when he went to study European graphic and retail design principles. Many of the records in this series were assembled by other family members such as Pickering’s wife, Anita, and daughter, Nancy.
Series 3 highlights Pickering’s career at Amos Parrish and Co. It includes copies of Pickering’s clinic speeches, promotional brochures, and materials likely distributed to attendees at fashion merchandising clinics. The Christmas Selling workbooks will be of considerable interest to those researching department store merchandising techniques and early twentieth-century consumerism.
Finally, Series 4 consists of files from Pickering’s own consulting agency, which specialized in assisting clients with store merchandising. Because there are so few records, the documentation does not indicate whether the business thrived in the years between Pickering leaving Amos Parrish & Co. in 1962 and his death in 1969. However, the files do offer a brief glimpse into Pickering’s intentions for the company he established.
Conditions Governing Access
Collection is open for research use. Please contact archivist@newschool.edu for appointment.
Conditions Governing Use
To publish images of material from this collection, permission must be obtained in writing from the New School Archives and Special Collections. Please contact: archivist@newschool.edu.
Biographical note
James Henry Pickering, Jr. was a graphic illustrator and retail merchandiser who served as the president of Amos Parrish and Company, Inc. Pickering was born James Howard Lockwood in Kansas City, Missouri, on August 29, 1904 to Howard Lockwood and Maud Mary Pickering. After the death of his mother during childbirth and the subsequent disappearance of his father, Pickering lived with his grandfather and great aunt. He adopted the use of his maternal last name which he legally changed in 1925. He graduated from Northeast High School in Kansas City in 1923.
Pickering attended Metropolitan Community College in Kansas City, as he lacked the funds to pursue an architectural degree at a senior college. In 1925, he graduated from the community college and entered Midland College in Fremont, Nebraska. Pickering worked for Quinn’s Department Store as the display and advertising manager while attending Midland College.
He transferred to the University of Nebraska at Lincoln in 1927, and worked to pay his tuition by designing store displays and illustrating advertisements for Ben Simon & Sons, a local haberdashery. He graduated from the University of Nebraska in 1930 with a degree in business administration, where he was president of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Pickering wrote, illustrated, and was the art manager for several student publications of the University of Nebraska, including The Daily Nebraskan, Cornhusker Countryman, Awgwan (also referred to as The Nebraska Awgwan), and Insanity Fare, a publication about menswear on campus. In addition to his involvement at the University of Nebraska, Pickering worked simultaneously for Ben Simon & Sons and the Donnelly Garment Company during his college career.
According to the donor, Pickering became increasingly interested in graphic and retail design principles while in college. He was fascinated by initiatives developed in Europe, such as the establishment of the Bauhaus in Dessau, Germany. Pickering traveled to Germany in November 1933 to study under German architect and last director of the Bauhaus, Ludwig Mies van de Rohe. He also studied store planning and design under the well-known interior and exhibition designer Lily Reich, who frequently collaborated with Mies van der Rohe. Pickering was also tutored in graphics and design by Herbert Bayer, and lighting and display by László Maholy-Nagy during his time abroad. He continued to illustrate advertisements for the Donnelly company and mailed his designs from Europe on a regular basis. Pickering was forced to return to the United States in October 1934 because of the violence associated with the "Night of the Long Knives," the purge of Nazi leaders and political opponents orchestrated by Adolf Hitler in June 1934. Pickering’s experience of the purge was published in local Nebraska newspapers.
Pickering joined Amos Parrish & Company, Inc., based in New York City, in 1934. In his starting position, he initiated, developed, and directed the activities of the company’s Store Design Division. He organized and conducted the Executive and Fashion Clinics held in New York several times a year. The clinics had an audience of department store executives from all over the United States who wanted to learn management tactics aimed to improve corporate image and overall operations. Clinic attendees studied current and future fashion trends and learned techniques for the display and sale of various merchandise. Pickering was elected vice president of the company in 1951, then promoted to president and director in 1959. Amos Parrish left the company he founded in 1961 and named Pickering his replacement as chairman of the board in August of the same year. Pickering resigned in 1962 after the company filed for bankruptcy. It is unknown when Amos Parrish and Company completely ceased operations.
Pickering established his own planning and design firm in Scarsdale, New York, after resigning from Amos Parrish & Co. One of the last clients of his consulting firm was the Roger’s Peet specialty store in the nation’s first covered mall, the Fashion Center, in Paramus, New Jersey.
Pickering married Anita Felber of Laurel, Nebraska, in June 1935. The couple had three kids: James Henry (also referred to as Jaime and JIII in the collection), Nancy Eleanor, and Thomas. They lived in Tudor City on the east side of Manhattan before moving to Westchester County in 1941. James Pickering died in June 1969.
Sources:
Biographical information, 1933-1962. James Henry Pickering papers, KA.0168.01, box 1, folder 9, New School Archives and Special Collections, The New School, New York, New York.
Newspaper clippings found in Family scrapbooks, 1929-1957. James Henry Pickering papers, KA.0168.01, box OSx-1, folders 4-5, New School Archives and Special Collections, The New School, New York, New York.
“Parrish Elevates Pickering.” The New York Times. August 15, 1961. https://nyti.ms/3O5VOgw
Arrangement
Arranged chronologically in four series: 1. Artwork; 2. Personal; 3. Amos Parrish and Company, Inc.; 4. James H. Pickering consulting.
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Donated to the New School Archives and Special Collections by Nancy Thomas, daughter of James H. Pickering, 2023.
Processing Information
New School Archives staff placed loose material found in the merchandising workbooks into archival envelopes. A brief description of the page is supplied on the envelope to help researchers identify where the loose material was previously affixed. Photographs were enclosed in mylar sleeves. Scrapbooks bound by metal fasteners or string were disassembled and housed in folders.
"Volume 4" was the only scrapbook titled by Pickering. It contains artwork from 1931-1932. The scrapbook title was retained during processing. New School Archives staff assigned descriptive titles for all other scrapbooks depending on their content.
Information used in the biographical note was supplied by Nancy Thomas, daughter of James H. Pickering, at the time of donation.
- Advertising -- Fashion (Subject) Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
- Amos Parrish and Company, New York (Depicted)
- College student newspapers and periodicals (Subject) Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
- Correspondence (Type of Material) Subject Source: Art & Architecture Thesaurus
- Display of merchandise (Subject) Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
- Ephemera (Type of Material) Subject Source: Art & Architecture Thesaurus
- Europe -- Description and travel (Places) (Subject) Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
- Fashion -- Forecasting (Subject) Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
- Fashion merchandising (Subject) Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
- Graphic design. (Subject) Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
- Illustration (Subject) Subject Source: Source Not Specified
- Scrapbooks (Type of Material) Subject Source: Art & Architecture Thesaurus
- Speeches (Type of Material) Subject Source: Art & Architecture Thesaurus
- University of Nebraska--Lincoln (Depicted)
- Title
- Guide to the James Henry Pickering papers
- Status
- In Process
- Author
- Victoria Fernandez
- Description rules
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard
- Language of description
- English
- Script of description
- Latin